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The purpose of a patch test before a chemical service is primarily to check for allergies or adverse reactions. This is an important safety measure in the hair and beauty industry, as many chemical products contain ingredients that could provoke an allergic response in some clients. Performing a patch test allows a stylist to apply a small amount of the product on the client's skin, typically behind the ear or on the inner arm, to see if any irritation or allergic reaction occurs within a specified period, usually 24 to 48 hours. This procedure helps ensure the safety and comfort of the client during the chemical service, minimizing the risk of serious skin reactions and enhancing the overall client experience.

The other options refer to unrelated aspects of the chemical service process; enhancing product effectiveness or determining color outcomes are not relevant to the safety considerations addressed by a patch test, and ensuring the hair is clean pertains to pre-service preparation rather than client safety.